Biofuels

Preview: Biofuels

1. Biofuels in Perspective - Wim Soetaert and Erick J. Vandamme
   1.1 Fossil versus Renewable Energy Resources
   1.2 Economic Impact
   1.3 Comparison of Bio-energy Sources
   1.4 Conclusion
   References
   
2. Sustainable Production of Cellulosic Feedstock for Biorefineries in the USA - Matthew T. Carr and James R. Hettenhaus
   2.1 Introduction
   2.2 Availability of Cellulosic Feedstocks
   2.3 Feedstock Options
   2.4 Sustainable Removal
   2.5 Erosion Control
   2.6 Tilling Practice
   2.7 Transitioning to No-till
   2.8 Realizing Removal
   2.9 Removal Economics
   2.10 Climate Change Mitigation
   2.11 Pretreatment
   2.12 Farmer in Value Chain
   2.13 The Start: Preprocessing Pentose Sugars and Lignin
   2.14 Continuing Downstream: Fungible Fermentation Sugars
   2.15 Looking Upstream
   2.16 Logistics
   2.17 Conclusions
   2.18 Policy Recommendations
   References
   
3. Bio-Ethanol Development in the USA - Brent Erickson and Matthew T. Carr
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Federal Policy
   3.3 The US Ethanol Market
   3.4 Corn Ethanol Technology
   3.5 Cellulosic Ethanol
   3.6 The Future
   References
   
4. Bio-Ethanol Development(s) in Brazil - Arnaldo Walter
   4.1 Overview
   4.2 Introduction
   4.3 The Brazilian Experience with Ethanol
   4.4 Policy and Regulatory Instruments Applied to Deploy Large-Scale Ethanol Production
   4.5 Cost Reductions
   4.6 Technological Development
   4.7 Is the Ethanol Production in Brazil Sustainable?
   4.8 Is the Brazilian Experience Replicable?
   4.9 Conclusions
   References
   
5. Process Technologies for Biodiesel Production - Martin Mittelbach
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 Biodiesel Production Worldwide
   5.3 Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production
   5.4 Chemical Principles of Biodiesel Production
   5.5 Catalysts for Transesterification and Esterification Reactions
   5.6 Transesterification in Supercritical Alcohols
   5.7 Alternative Approaches
   5.8 Overview of Process Technologies
   References
   
6. Bio-based Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Production Technologies - Robin Zwart and Ren´e van Ree
   6.1 Introduction
   6.2 Theoretical Background Catalytic FT-Diesel Synthesis Process
   6.3 Biomass Gasification-Based FT-Diesel Production Concepts
   6.4 Economics of Biomass-Based FT-Diesel Production Concepts
   6.5 Conclusions
   References
   
7. Plant Oil Biofuel: Rationale, Production and Application - Barnim Jeschke
   7.1 Introduction
   7.2 Plant Oil Biofuels: the Underlying Idea
   7.3 Perspectives of the Plant Oil Fuel Market
   7.4 System Requirements
   7.5 Plant Oil Conversion Technology
   7.6 The User Perspective
   References
   
8. Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel - Hideki Fukuda
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Enzymatic Transesterification by Lipase
   8.3 Use of Extracellular Lipases
   8.4 Use of Intracellular Lipase as Whole-Cell Biocatalyst
   8.5 Use of Cell-Surface Displaying Cells as Whole-Cell Biocatalyst
   8.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
   References
   
9. Production of Biodiesel from Waste Lipids - Roland Verh´e and Christian V. Stevens
   9.1 Introduction
   9.2 Alternative Resources for Biodiesel Production
   9.3 Conversion of Waste Frying and Cooking Oils into Biodiesel
   9.4 Conclusion
   References
   
10. Biomass Digestion to Methane in Agriculture: A Successful Pathway for the Energy Production and Waste Treatment Worldwide - Peter Weiland, Willy Verstraete and Adrianus Van Haandel
    10.1 Overview
    10.2 Introduction
    10.3 Biogas Production Potential
    10.4 Biogas Production Configurations
    10.5 Outlook
    10.6 Conclusions
    References
    
11. Biological Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Microorganisms - Serv´e W.M. Kengen, Heleen P. Goorissen, Marcel Verhaart, Alfons J.M. Stams, Ed W.J. van Niel and Pieternel A.M. Claassen
    Abbreviations
    11.1 Introduction
    11.2 Hydrogen Formation in Natural Ecosystems
    11.3 Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Formation
    11.4 Enzymology
    11.5 Enterobacteria
    11.6 The Genus Clostridium
    11.7 The Genus Caldicellulosiruptor
    11.8 The Genus Thermoanaerobacter
    11.9 The Genus Thermotoga
    11.10 The Genus Pyrococcus/Thermococcus
    11.11 Approaches for Improving Hydrogen Production
    11.12 Concluding Remarks
    References
    
12. Improving Sustainability of the Corn–Ethanol Industry - Paul W. Gallagher and Hosein Shapouri
    12.1 Introduction
    12.2 Energy Balance
    12.3 Crop Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
    12.4 CO2 Adjustment in a Changing Ethanol Industry
    12.5 Conclusions
    References
    

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